exceeds-expectations 0.9.6

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exceeds-expectations

exceeds-expectations is an assertions library for the D programming language. It uses the expect(___).to___() style used by Jest and Chai.

It gets along well with IDE autocompletion:

Failing tests show clear and informative messages:

Usage

To get started, add exceeds-expectations as a unittest dependency to your project:

dub.sdl:

configuration "unittest" {
    dependency "exceeds-expectations" version="<current version>"
}

dub.json:

"configurations": [
    {
        "name": "unittest",
        "dependencies": {
            "exceeds-expectations": "<current version>"
        }
    }
]

Now just import exceeds_expectations where you need it. Some example usages can be found in the next section.

This library was made for writing tests, but it can be used anywhere. Add it as a regular dependency and use it wherever (for example, instead of an enforce).

Examples

A full list of expectations can be found in the documentation. Here are a few of them:

Equality and identity:

unittest
{
    Pencil pencil = new Pencil();
    Pencil anotherPencil = cloneObject(pencil);

    expect(anotherPencil).toEqual(pencil);
    expect(anotherPencil).not.toBe(pencil);
}

Floating point comparison:

unittest
{
    real tempCelsius = 23.0;
    real tempFahrenheit = celsiusToFahrenheit(tempCelsius);

    expect(tempFahrenheit).toApproximatelyEqual(73.4);
}

Arbitrary predicates, for when the method you need isn't in the library... yet.

unittest
{
    static bool needlesslyComplicatedRequirement(int n)
    {
        return (
            (n > 233 || n <= -48 || n % 2 == 0) &&
            (n < 692 || n > 10_002 || n % 3 == 1)
        );
    }

    expect(8).toSatisfy(&needlesslyComplicatedRequirement);

}


// This example can also be written using toSatisfyAll...
unittest
{    
    expect(8).toSatisfyAll(
        (n) => n > 233 || n <= -48 || n % 2 == 0,
        (n) => n < 692 || n > 10_002 || n % 3 == 1
    );
}


// ...or toSatisfyAny.
unittest
{
    expect(8).toSatisfyAny(
        (n) => n > 233,
        (n) => n <= -48,
        (n) => n % 2 == 0
    );

    expect(8).toSatisfyAny(
        (n) => n < 692,
        (n) => n > 10_002,
        (n) => n % 3 == 1
    );
}

Why another assertion library?

There are already a few ways to do assertions in D.

The language itself comes with the assert expression. Unfortunately, these are quite limited and don't tell you much when an assertion fails.

At the time exceeds-expectations was born, some libraries already existed that offered a more natural syntax and more useful failure messages. The two with the highest scores on code.dlang.org are fluent-asserts and dshould. Both used the X.should... syntax, which results in readable assertions that resemble natural English.

This syntax works because of D's unified function call syntax. Unfortunately, DCD does not support auto-completions using the UFCS syntax. This means that IDEs cannot automatically suggest assertions for you. This was true when exceeds-expecations was created and is still true as of this writing.

To enable a more pleasant experience when using IDEs, assertions from exceeds-expectations begin with a call to expect(), which returns an "Expect" struct whose member functions are visible to DCD.

Version 14 of fluent-asserts (in alpha as of April 2021) also offers the expect() form like in exceed-expectations.